新型城镇化背景下我国环境公共参与的制度理性选择

国际上公众环境参与已经由社会运动，逐步实现了公众环境参与的法律化、制度化，其中的基本原则已经在国际间达成共识。环境参与在我国的发展还比较滞后，但是制度变革的诉求共振将为其提供快速发展的契机。政府和公众在生态城市建设中具有同等的重要作用。政府应该将公众视作决策的重要平等伙伴。为此，可借鉴先进国家经验进行环境参与的机制创新，其核心是建立社区参与和风险沟通机制，政府应为此提供必要的制度性支持。

Institutional Rational Choice of Environmental Public Participation in New-Type Urbanization of China

Internationally, environmental public participation has gradually transformed from the stage of social movements to that of legalization and institutionalization. Consensus has been reached internationally on the underlying principles. While environmental participation is still undeveloped in China, the appeals of the institutional change provide great opportunities for its rapid development. This article holds that the government and the public play equally important roles in the construction of ecological city and that the public should be regarded as equal and important partners by the government in environmental decision-making. It is proposed that we need to learn from the experience of developed countries to innovate our environmental participation system, the core of which involves community participation and risk communication mechanism. The government should provide necessary institutional supports for the environmental public participation.