有组织犯罪中的胁迫研究——对一个“黑帮”成长历程的入圈考察

当前,我国刑法理论对作为有组织犯罪常用手段的胁迫行为缺乏专门性的研究.对一个“黑帮”成长历程的入圈考察表明,暴力非但不是有组织犯罪的必要手段,(严重)暴力反倒是其法律风险的最大来源之一；贿赂“保护伞”亦不为黑帮生存发展所必需；一直被刑法忽略的一般胁迫行为已在现实社会互动中演化为黑帮生存发展的最优手段之一.与从前那种以“有组织暴力”为基石的黑社会组织一样,以“有组织胁迫”为主要犯罪手段的“黑帮”同样会侵害法益、破坏生活秩序,同时胁迫手段的使用大大降低了“黑帮”遭受刑事追诉的可能性,刑事立法亟待对此作出回应.

Empirical Research on Coercion in Organized Crimes:the Participant Observation of the Gangs

In our country,there is little special research on coercion in organized crime.Using "participant observation",this research argues that violence is not a necessary means of organized crime.On the contrary,the biggest legal risk of gang and its members is from(severe) violence.Bribery is not necessary for the survival and development of gangs either.In social interaction,pure coercion which is not a criminal offense has evolved into one of the most optimal means of gang crime.As same as organized violence,organized coercion by gangs could also infringe people’s rights seriously.Meanwhile,Using intimidation means instead of violence greatly reduces the possibility of criminal gangs being prosecuted.Therefore,criminal legislation should respond to this legal defect.