知识产权还需要占有制度吗?——知识产权给占有制度带来的困惑与重构

民法物权中占有制度的产生主要基于以下三个前提条件 :产权信息交流的不对称性、保护交易安全的重要性和权利客体的物理可独占性。作为知识产权客体的信息不具有物理独占性 ,因此根据知识产权法的一般原理 ,知识产权权利取得、转移等的公示方式是登记形式 ,不适用占有制度。但是 ,知识产权交易中同样需要保护交易的安全性 ,在某些情形下 ,如因真实权利人与实际行使人之间脱节而导致信息不对称 ,仍然需要适用类似于占有的制度 ,如善意取得等 ,来对知识产权客体的持有人及其交易相对人的利益进行保护。因此 ,在知识产权交易中 ,不应绝对地排除适用占有制度 ,而要根据具体的情形对占有制度进行重构。

On the Possession Right in Intellectual Property Law

The possession of Real Right in Civil law is based on three conditions : the asymmetric information of real right , the importance of exempt of legal risk in trade and the physical control over specific res . It is generally believed that there is no possession right in intellectual property due to the absence of physical controllability of the information product , which acts as the object of intellectual property right . Until registered , the creation , alternation , alienation or termination of intellectual property right shall come into effect . But that rule is not absolutely applicable anywhere . In some cases , such as copyright law , there is no compulsory requirement of registration when acquiring copyright . In such cases , the holder of information product can take measures to prevent the leakage of information , which functions just like the possession of Real Right to keep others away from the object . To safeguard the trade security , the common opinion of no possession right in intellectual property shall be challenged . There still exists room for the possession right protection in intellectual property , such as permission of the assignee in good faith to obtain ownership of intellectual property right from a person unauthorized to dispose .