对人类行为的一种可能解释－韦伯对边际效用理论的参考

韦伯是经济社会学中较为偏向社会学视角的理论家,他的经济学理论背景和社会学的关怀使他在分析社会现象和社会行为时,呈现出了与以往经济学家的不同之处.韦伯经常参考边际效用理论,此时社会学虽处于前科学阶段,但韦伯贯彻了他独特的理想型概念和个体主义方法论原则,因此在十九和二十世纪之交的那场关于方法的战斗中,表现出来了与以施穆勒为首的主张政策论的正统保守派和以布伦坦诺为核心的力主科学论的学者都不同的观点,这就是"价值中立"或"价值无涉"的原则.韦伯试图与历史学派和传统的边际效用理论学派厘清界限,强调对于社会科学来说,关键在于描述而非预测人类行为.但即使同样采用个体主义分析方法,韦伯关注个人选择如何集合而成宏观秩序,和这种宏观秩序提供给个人选择的可能性,从而形成了他与经济学家、心理学家迥异的观照人类行为的视角.

A Feasible Explanation of Human Behavior

Weber was a theorist with more of a perspective of social studies in eco-sociology. His background of economic theory and concern of sociology made him different from other economists in analyzing social phenomena and behavior. In the debate over methodology during the transition period from the 19th century to the 20th century, the viewpoints he displayed were different from the theory of policies and that of science, i.e., the principles of "value neutralization" and "value non-interference". He stressed that sociology should describe rather than predict social behavior.