公共医疗保险与居民医疗负担——全球视野下的中国“全民医保”

国际经验表明,实施公共医疗保险是各国政府有效降低居民医疗负担、缓解因病致贫问题以及促进卫生公平的一个主要手段。然而,公共医疗保险制度在发展中国家的推进也遇到了资金难以筹集且参保率不高、政府补助难以落实到目标人群、对就业市场及就医行为有扭曲作用等问题。我国自1998年开始了以建立与市场经济体制相适应的公共医疗保险体系为方向的改革,但存在的主要问题是推进过程相对缓慢、人群覆盖率和保障程度较低以及区域及城乡不平等,公共医疗保险体系在降低居民医疗负担方面的作用还没有充分发挥。目前,我国已明确针对城乡不同人群,分别加速发展三大医疗保险以实现全民医保。我国实现这一目标任重道远。

Public Health Insurances and Household Burden of Medical Care:China's Nationwide Health Care in Global Perspective

The institutions of public health insurance have been set up in a great number of developed countries to enhance equal right for health and lessen the burden of medical care.Some developing countries follow suit.It is internationally proved that a well-established insurance system plays a crucial role in eliminating poverty caused by individual financial pressure from health care,but cannot work perfect in the less developed countries unless such problems as the lack of incentive,organization and fund are f...