无政府状态下的合作与秩序——一种关于“社会秩序二元论”的技术性区分

社会秩序可以被区分为“自控型秩序”和“受控型秩序”。“自控型秩序”发端于一小撮个体之间缔结的初始契约,然后以这个初始契约为起点自然扩展为被众人遵守的普遍规则,因此,“自控型秩序”可以独立于公共权力而自发形成;而“受控型秩序”只能依靠公共权力来克服必然存在于众人约定中的“搭便车”现象和高昂交易费用。自控型秩序”是坚韧的,这种秩序可以在群体内部分有效,即便群体内的大多数人都不再遵守互不侵犯规则,群体内的少数人也有激励继续遵守这个规则;而“受控型秩序”却是脆弱的,离开了公共权力就会迅速土崩瓦解。

Cooperation and Order under Anarchy:A Technical Discrimination about "Dualism of Public order"

Social order can be divided into "automatic-control order" and "control-bound order".The difference between them is that "automatic-control order" can originate from the original contact reached among any cluster of individuals,then as the starting point,it can be expanded naturally into the general rules obeyed by the public.Therefore,"automatic-control order" can be isolated from the public power and formed spontaneously.However,"control-bound order" only depends on public power to overcome the free-ride and expensive exchange cost certainly existing in public agreements.