梁季江陵政权始末及江左士族社会变迁

梁季侯景之乱,具有摧毁南朝统治中心和南朝统治阶级中心的双重含义。建康沦陷后,地居长江上游的荆州,凭借其“分陕”体制框架内的权利资源走上历史前台,并成为建康士族孑遗者的栖息地。江陵士族集聚并重建政权的战争,显性战线有两条,即歼灭侯景以复国、削平宗室以集权。另外一个方面就是隐性的战线,即北朝军事力量介入后可能引发的南北战争。随着显性战线的深度推进,江陵步入所谓“光启中兴”的巅峰。但是,削平宗室的江襄之争使襄阳北折,荆益之争使成都易手,江陵丧失了自固自存的战略要地并使自己直面强大的北朝。承圣三年十一月的“江陵之陷”,导致了集聚江陵士族的全数北迁,标志着江左二百余年士族政治的终结。此后建立的陈朝,社会阶级基础已殊异于前。江陵政权短暂的历史呈现,实质是南朝士族政治趋于末路的悲凉。

The Rise and Fall of Jiangling Regime and the Social Changes of the Southern Educated Functionary Classes

Hou Jing's mutiny in the last years of Liang Dynasty utterly shattered the center of government and overthrew the ruling classes of the Southern dynasties.After the loss of Jiankang,the capital of Liang dynasty,Jingzhou came to be the refuge for those educated functionary classes and their followers to make efforts to rebuild their former regime.The Jiangling Regime started two lines of war.The first one was to fight against Hou Jing's rebellion and the wilful princes,and the second one was to defend itself against the possible invasion of the Northern forces.With the advance of the first war,Jiangling Regime reached its acme of prosperity,the so-called Guang Qi Prosperity.However,the war ended with the occupation of Xiangyang and Chengdu by the Northern forces,which made Jiangling Regime lost its strategic stronghold,and Jiangling Regime had to face the threat directly from the Northern dynasties.After the loss of Jiangling city in 554,those educated functionary groups were all exiled to the North.The short history of Jiangling Regime unveils the internal conflicts among the royal groups of Liang dynasty,but in essence,it signifies the decline of the educated functionary group politics of the Southern dynasties which had lasted over 200 years.