马克思恩格斯的文明与文化范畴比较

在马克思、恩格斯的文献中，“文明”与“文化”是一对极相近又相异的范畴。马克思恩格斯先后从九种语义上使用了“文明”范畴，又从五种语义上使用了“文化”范畴。这组范畴内涵丰富，语义复杂，并由于当时特殊的历史原因．以至于无法按照寻常的思维来理解它们的个别语义。为此，以具体的文献语境为基础，以它们在19世纪英法德语中的习惯用法为参照，以比较分析为方法，找出两个范畴之间的同中之异、异中之同，则可在整体上把握两个范畴的科学内涵。

Comparative Study on the "Civilization" and "Culture" Category of Marx and Engels’s

In the literature of Marx and Engels,the "civilization" and "culture" is a group of very similar and dissimilar category.Marx and Engels have used the "civilization" category from nine kinds of semantic,and from five kinds of semantic to the "culture".This set of category rich in content,and its semantic is complexity.Because of the special historical reasons,that their individual semantics can not understood follow a usual way.To this end,can get the correct science content of the two categories on the whole through finding out the similarities and differences between the two categories,which is based on specific context of literature,referred to idiom phrase of Britain,France and German in the 19 century,and use the compare analysis as the method.