俄罗斯语言文化学的哲学理据及研究学派

语言文化学来源于语言哲学奠基人洪堡特的思想。洪堡特的思想极大地影响了19—20世纪语言学思想的发展方向，决定了20世纪末和21世纪初语言文化学研究的进程。在语言世界观的基础之上，美国语言学家萨丕尔和沃尔夫提出的语言相对论，经过众多学者的探索，语言世界图景理论日趋成熟。自20世纪90年代语言文化学成为独立的学科以来，在俄罗斯学界形成了语言文化学研究的几个不同学派，探索不同语言单位中凝结的民族文化信息。

Philosophic Background and Current Schools in Russia

Studies in Cultural Linguistics, which saw its development at the turn of 20th and 21st centuries, originated from Wilhelm yon Humboldt, whose philosophic thinking deeply influenced researches in linguistics in the 19th and 20th centuries. Based on research outcomes of Linguistic Worldview, two American linguists put forward the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis named after them, and consequently the theory of Language World Vision is being gradually developed. Since 1990s when Studies in Language and Culture began to be recognized as a discipline, scholars in Russia, who focus from different perspectives on cultural information embedded in linguistic units at various levels, have found themselves in different schools.