从国家到市民社会:马克思思想的重要转变——以马克思《黑格尔法哲学批判》为研究中心

与传统的对马克思早期思想的解释不同,笔者认为,在1843年前后,马克思经由了一个"从国家到市民社会"的转变过程.马克思之所以能够创立唯物史观,从根本上说得益于他借助于<黑格尔法哲学批判>完成了这一转变.黑格尔与斯密之间具有继承关系,黑格尔的市民社会概念是以国民经济学为背景的经济学范畴,<法哲学>就相当于黑格尔的国民经济学.马克思之所以在<黑格尔法哲学批判>中比黑格尔还黑格尔地坚持国家与市民社会的二分,是因为马克思接受了黑格尔市民社会概念的经济规定.马克思放弃黑格尔的国家哲学转而去研究国民经济学的真正契机是市民社会概念,坚持国家与市民社会二分的立场对于马克思完成从国家到市民社会的转变以及走向创立唯物史观具有重要意义.黑格尔法哲学批判时期马克思的思想局限在于,当时马克思对于市民社会的认识在总体上还笼罩于黑格尔的国家观之下,还没能摆脱黑格尔左派的国家批判和宗教批判的政治立场.

From State to Urban Society: an Important Change in Marx's Thoughts——Taking Criticism of Legalist Philosophy by Hegel as the Research Concentration

In my opinion,Marx underwent from state to urban society before or after 1840.His historical materialism has benefited from"Criticism of Legalist Philosophy by Hegel".Hegel's concept of urban society is in the background of economics,and"Legalist Philosophy"is equal to Hegel's national economics.Marx accepted the concept of urban residents,so he abandoned the concept of Hegel's concept of state.Marx's insistence on the separation of state and urban residents should make him turn from state to urban society,...