阿奎那对共有之善的三重区分

阿奎那认为,向往善是意志的必然倾向,但意志之所以会选择一个善的目标,并不总是因为它与最大的善,即上帝有关,而主要因为它是“共有之善”的体现。他所说的共有之善包含着三个层面的含义。其中,表述性的共有之善并不是道德行为的直接原因,而只是后者的种类和形式。因此,每个人所追求的幸福都需要服从原因性的共有之善,即公正秩序的安排,而保持这种秩序的手段则在于实用性的共有之善。

Tripartite Distinction of Aquinas''''s Common Good

According to Aquinas,pursuing good is a necessary inclination of will,but the will choose a good object not only because the latter's connection with Supreme Good,i.e.God,but mainly because it represents "the common good".In his theory,the common good has three different meanings.Thereof,the common good of predication is not the direct cause of ethical behaviors,but only the specie or form of them.Therefore,the happiness to which every one is directed should depends on the common good of causation,i.e.the just order,and the measure for maintaining just order still depends on the distribution of common good of utility.