权力下放的思想及其实践

在邓小平的改革理论中，包含着权力下放的思想。权力下放是改革的政治内核，它的目标是要彻底改变中央集权的状况，实现制度创新，从而调动各个方面的积极性，提高权力运行效率，推动生产力的发展和整个社会的进步。但是，在权力下放的实践中，出现了认识上的误区，并造成了许多消极现象，甚至有可能使权力下放的进程中断。对于这些问题为什么没能得到及时的纠正，主要原因是没有认识到从利益依附关系到利益自觉的转化这一历史阶段的特殊性，没有明确承认地方及其政府官员个人的利益要求的合理性，因而没有探索把地方利益、个人利益统一起来的合理机制。所以，为了保证权力下放的健康发展，需要把建立公共利益、地方利益和个人利益统一起来的机制作为着力点。

On the Thought and Practice of Transferring Power to Lower Levels

The thought of transferring power to lower levels was included in DENG Xiao-ping's reform theory.The basic objects of transferring power to lower levels,the political core of reform,are to alter centralization and come to system innovation,as consequently to mobilize enthusiasm from every aspect,improve power running efficiency,and promote development of productivity and advancement of the whole society.Some mistakes in cognition,however,have occured in the course of transferring power to lower levels and bring a great deal of negative impact,even the course has been interrupted.Why these problems have not been discovered and corrected?We consider that the particularity of the history phases that transforms from benefit-fastened to benefit-awakened hasn't been understood,the rationality of benefit desire which local government claim hasn't been approved,and a reasonable mechanism to unite the benefit of local government and individuals hasn't been found.So we must set up a mechanism to unite public benefits and interests of local governments and individuals.