跨文化情景下组织试错学习机理研究

试错学习是企业全球化经营时应对文化冲突不可缺少的革新过程，已有研究对企业试错学习过程和机理尚缺乏深入探讨和明确阐释，尤其是针对跨文化情景下的研究较少。以美国医药行业著名跨国企业H公司作为研究对象，运用扎根理论方法，借助定性分析软件NVivo 8.0对访谈和二手所得资料进行分析，探究跨文化情景下组织试错学习的影响因素及机理模型。借助开放性编码、主轴编码和选择性编码分析得出试错学习的7个主要影响因素，包括跨文化学习能力、跨文化制度设计、稳定的跨文化经营、团队领导者素质、跨文化试错学习氛围、母公司的支持和跨文化适应性；选用著名跨国制药企业M公司案例进行理论饱和度检验，得到另一个影响因素即企业研发能力；据此构建试错学习过程模型。 研究结果表明，试错学习是一个循环往复的过程，可分为失败分析、试验开展和措施生效3个阶段；通过进一步分析各阶段的主要影响因素，构建跨文化情景下组织试错学习的机理模型。研究结论旨在为跨文化经营的企业有针对性地提升试错学习效率提供理论支持。

Study on the Mechanism of Organizational Trial-and-error Learning under Cross cultural Circumstance

Trial-and-error learning is an indispensable innovative process when enterprises cope with cultural conflicts under the background of global business. At present, there are not thorough studies and clear explanation about the process and mechanism of enterprises trial-and-error learning, especially under cross-cultural circumstance. This paper selects H company, a famous American transnational corporation in pharmaceutical industry, as the object of this research, and uses the grounded theory, one of the qualitative study, as well as with the help of qualitative data analysis software NVivo 8.0 to analyze the interview data and secondary data. And it further explores the influence factors and process of organizational trial-and-error learning under cross-cultural circumstance. Firstly, with the help of the steps of open coding, axial coding and selective coding, we conclude the seven main factors of trial-and-error learning, including cross-cultural learning ability, cross-cultural system design, stability of cross-cultural management, quality of team leader, cross-cultural atmosphere of trial-and-error, the support of the parent company and cross-cultural adaptability. Then we selects the case of M company-a famous multinational pharmaceutical company in China to carry out theoretical saturation test, and get another factor of R and D capability. Accordingly we build the progress model of trial-and-error learning. In general, the study found that the process of trial-and-error learning is a cyclical process, which could be divided into three phases, namely failure analysis, on-trial and effective measures respectively. Secondly, through further analysis, we get the main influence factors of the various stages of the trial-and-error learning; and on this basis we try to construct the model of mechanism of organizational trial-and-error learning under cross-cultural circumstance. The mechanism we conclude aim to provide theoretical support for organizations which operate under cross-cultural circumstance to carry out trial-and-error learning and improve the efficiency accordingly.