智能合约的合同法分析

当前，区块链技术发展如火如荼，底层区块链的技术特征深刻影响着智能合约的技术特征，随之带来了新的民法问题。结合智能合约订立合同的技术障碍和我国监管层面的具体情况，为了有效保障当事人的契约自由和契约正义，需要对智能合约的自治秩序进行适当突破：智能合约可以成为订立合同的方式和承载合同内容的形式；除非当事人明示该合约没有法律约束力，否则采用智能合约并不代表当事人没有创设合同法律关系的意愿而排除合同法的适用。同时，区块链网络节点对于区块链网络和智能合约的运行存在着事实上的管控和维护关系，而且节点对合约的正常运行较他人应负有更高的注意义务。

Analysis of Contract Law for Smart Contracts

The development of blockchain technology is in full swing. The combination of programmability of smart contracts and the secure trusted environment of blockchains drives application of blockchain technology into the 2.0 era. The concept of smart contracts proposed by Nick Szabo is also reshaped due to the blockchain. The exploration of application mode for smart contracts has become more abundant. And the technical characteristics of the blockchain as the underlying technology profoundly affect the technical characteristics of smart contracts， which also brings new civil law issues. Smart contracts can be used as a way of concluding a contract and carrying the content of a contract. In principle， unless the parties expressly agree that the contract is not legally binding， the use of smart contracts does not mean that the parties have no willingness to create a contractual legal relationship， and excludes the application of contract law. Smart contracts have not brought subversive impact to the contract law. Starting from the protection of the parties liberty of contract and contract justice， taking into account the technical obstacles to the conclusion of smart contracts and our country’s regulatory attitude， we should make appropriate breakthroughs in the autonomous order of smart contracts. Absolute public chain and technological autonomy cannot be achieved， which is specifically embodied in contract formation， remedies for defects in declaration of will and remedies for breach of contract. Each node of the network has a de facto control and maintenance relationship for the operation of the blockchain network and smart contracts， so each node has a higher duty of care for the normal works of smart contract than other people.