日本大学学分制变迁：外部博弈与内部调适

日本大学学分制经历了发轫、借鉴、规制、弹性化到相对稳定的变迁历程。从这一变迁历程来看，学分制发展在外部受到政府政策、大学办学理念、教师教的自由权和学生学的自由权等因素之间相互博弈的影响，在内部是单位学分、总学分数、学分分配、履修选择、成绩考核等要素相互调适的过程，外部和内部要素共同演化过程表现了一定的规律性。

Changes of Credit System in Japanese Universities： External Game and Internal Adjustment

The credit system of Japanese universities has gone through the phases： its origin, drawing on the experience, regulation, elasticity and stability. From the point of view, the development of credit system is influenced by the external game of the factors including governmental policy, philosophy of managing universities, free teaching right of teachers and free learning right of students, etc.. The development of credit system is the process of internal adjustment of elements consisting of unit credit, total credit, allocation of credit, course option, and performance check, etc.. The regularity is represented in the process of evolution of the external and internal elements.