ECTS运作的内部规则与外部保障

ECTS是指在欧盟和各合作国高等教育领域中盛行的学分累积与转换系统，该系统的建立和运作近年来引起各国教育界的广泛关注。该系统自建立以来之所以能稳步运行，离不开系统自身的内部规则和该系统运作的必要外部保障。内部规则的核心是统一的学分框架体系，包括对学分量的规定和学分等级的划分；外部保障则主要是相应组织机构的保障和咨询服务系统的保障。

The Interior Rules and Exterior Guarantees of ECTS

ECTS is a European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System for students of higher education of the European Union and the collaborating countries. The establishment and operation of the system has caught wide attention of educational circles in different countries. The steady running of the ECTS depends on the interior rules and the exterior guarantees of the system. The core of the interior rules is the uniform system of credit framework which includes the stipulation of workload and the grading scale of credit. The exterior guarantees consist of guarantee of related organizations and that of consulting service system.