Optimality of random allocation design for the control of accidental bias in sequential experiments |
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Authors: | JoséF Soares CFJ Wu |
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Institution: | Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil;Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA |
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Abstract: | In comparing two treatments, suppose the suitable subjects arrive sequentially and must be treated at once. Known or unknown to the experimenter there may be nuisance factors systematically affecting the subjects. Accidental bias is a measure of the influence of these factors in the analysis of data. We show in this paper that the random allocation design minimizes the accidental bias among all designs that allocate n, out of 2n, subjects to each treatment and do not prefer either treatment in the assignment. When the final imbalance is allowed to be nonzero, optimal and efficient designs are given. In particular the random allocation design is shown to be very efficient in this broader setup. |
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Keywords: | Primary 62K05 Secondary 62L05 Clinical trial Selection bias Truncated binomial design |
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