人口赤字与生态环境关系研究——生态足迹理论在新疆的应用

在既定的生态承载力和既定的生活目标追求下,实际人口数量超过生态系统的承载力,必定产生一定的人口赤字.在对外界进口依赖不大的情况下,主要靠超额利用当地的自然资本存量来承载这些超载的人口,因此对自然生态系统产生负面影响.本文以新疆为例,应用生态足迹理论,分析人类消费的供需矛盾及对生态系统的影响力,反映出新疆人口过度,人口赤字逐年上升.人口赤字以及由此带来的过度的人类活动对生态环境的影响加剧.滥垦、滥伐、滥牧、不合理的水资源利用等人类经济活动成为近些年来推动新疆荒漠化的主要原因.

An Study of Population Deficit and Ecological Environment--Application of Ecological Footprint Theory in Xinjiang

Under the given ecological carrying capacity and living conditions, the excess of carrying capacity of the ecological system surely brings about a population deficit. With little input from outside of the ecological system, the excess of population loaded by excessively use of the accumulative natural resources can negatively impact the ecological system greatly. In the perspective of theory of ecological footprint, This paper demonstrates the inconsistence of supply and demand of human's consumption and its impacts on the ecological environment of Xinjiang Province. It shows that the population in Xinjiang is overloaded, the population deficit rise increasingly. Consequently, the excessive human activities deteriorate the nature ecological environment. It is Excessive cultivation, excessive denudation, excessive herd and irrational water use that cause the enlargement of Xinjiang's desert these years.