认识主体性理论的逻辑进路:从笛卡尔到伽达默尔

主体问题是贯穿于整个西方哲学史的重要的哲学议题,对于这一问题的研究也随着西方哲学史的发展而不断得以深入。人类对于该问题的探讨经历了从主张主体只是上帝保证下的认识客体面前的消极“沉思者”或“旁观者”的以笛卡尔为代表的大陆唯理论的主体观,与认为主体只是认识客体面前的被动“反映者”的以洛克为代表的英国经验论的主体观,到主张主体在认识客体面前是一个积极“能动者”的康德的批判主体观,再到认为主体的认识结构是一个动态的发展结构,在这种动态的发展中,认识主体与认识客体达到融合统一的伽达默尔的解释学主体观的演进,从而展现了一条认识主体性理论发展的逻辑进路。

The Logical Process of the Cognitive Subjectivity Theory: from Descartes to Gadamer

The subject problem is an important philosophical issue throughout the western philosophy, and the research on this issue has been continuously deepened with the development of the western philosophy. As for this question, the study has undergone the process of the subject theory of the continental rationalism represented by Descartes, who concludes that his subject is just a negative "mediator" or "bystander" that requires god to be a mediator; and the subject theory of the British empiricism represented by Locke, who pinpoints that his subject is merely a passive "reflector" in face of the known object; to Kant's critical subject, who indicates that his subject is a positive "actor" in front of the known object; and then to Gadamer's hermeneutical subject, who shows that the cognitive structure of his subject is a dynamic development structure, through the dynamic development of which the cognitive subject and object can achieve the unity. This shows the logical process of the cognitive subjectivity theory.