从《二年律令》看汉初二十级军功爵的价值 --《二年律令》与军功爵制研究之四

军功爵制本是春秋战国及秦汉时期的重要军政制度,但由于史书记载分散、简略,后人已很难知道军功爵制的真实价值.根据<二年律令>的珍贵资料,从经济价值、政治价值、以爵赎人、赎罪等方面来看,军功爵制在西汉初年仍具有真实的价值.例如,西汉初年各级军功爵受田宅的具体数量、爵制与官级的对比关系,一级爵可以免死罪一人等是前所未见的资料.因军功受田宅制实际上就是名田制,汉政府就是通过名田制培埴了一大批大、中、小军功地主和大量的自耕农.故说汉初是军功地主的天下,是有事实根据的.

The Value of 20 Degrees Peerage in Early Han Dynasty seen from the Two - Year Law --No. 4 of the Serial Study on Peerage by Military Merits in Han Dynasty

Peerage by military merits was a system of army and government in Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, its real value became obscure in later generations. Judging by the Two-Year Law, this system was valuable in the early Han Dynasty in economy, politics, ransoms, etc. For example there was a correlation between rank of peerage and rank of officials, and the first rank of peerage could spare one life from death penalty. The rank of peerage was also related with the size of land a peer could possess. It is reasonable to say that landlords of military merits dominated the early Han Dynasty.