结构主义马克思主义的超越:一种实践解释学的视角

结构主义的马克思主义将结构分析的方法应用于对马克思的理解,提出了许多令人耳目一新的观点,但同时由于结构主义方法自身的理论局限,也限制了甚至歪曲了对马克思观点的理解。结构主义的马克思主义割裂了结构分析与历史分析的辩证关系,使结构凌驾于历史之上,结构成为没有来源、没有历史的神秘之物。超越结构主义的马克思主义的途径一方面可以从结构主义方法论自身的改变来寻找,在这方面,皮亚杰的发生学结构主义提供了值得借鉴的思路;另一方面,可以从马克思自身的方法论出发提出修正结构主义方法论,从而提高结构主义马克思主义解释模式的合理性。皮亚杰的发生学从结构主义本质上与马克思的结构分析具有内在的同质性,都蕴含着一种实践解释学的方法,这种方法为超越结构主义的马克思主义的解释模式提供一种可行的思路。

The Transcendence to Structuralist Marxism: A Perspective on Practical Hermeneutics

Structuralist Marxism applies the method of structural analysis to the understanding of Marx,which presents many refreshing views.But at the same time,for the theoretical limitations of structuralism,it also limits or even distorts the people’s understanding to Marx’s viewpoint.Structuralist Marxism splits the dialectical relationship between structural analysis and historical analysis,thus makes the structure superior to history,and the structure has become a mystery without source and history.On the one hand,the way to surpass structuralist Marxism can be found from the change of structuralist methodology by itself.In this respect,Piaget’s geneticist structuralism provides a reference for thinking.On the other hand,it is possible to propose a revised structuralist methodology from Marx’s own methodology to improve the rationality of interpretation model in the Structuralist Marxist.Piaget’s genealogy has inherent homogeneity with Marx’s structural analysis from the nature of structuralism,and they both contain a practical hermeneutic method,which provides a feasible way for the interpretation mode of Marxism that transcends the structuralist.