从“悲剧”诸问题看文学理论的社会特质

近60年来，我国文学基础理论研究虽取得了很多成绩，但极具原创性和突破性的重大成果仍相对较少，总体上讲，前后30年分别把苏联版的马克思主义文论和欧美近百年的文学理论基本阐释了一遍。形成这一状况的原因很多，其中最易被人忽略的一个原因是无视或误解了文学理论的社会特质。文章结合“悲剧”诸问题及其理论创新，抽绎分析了文学理论创新缘起的社会诉求性、文学理论方法的文本一社会中介性以及文学理论的社会适用性，认为文学理论是文学与社会之间的关联性视域，走出极端功利化和狭隘超然化思维的误区，自觉回应文学——社会现实发展所提出的问题，当为中国文论创新的正途。

Social Characteristic of Fundamental Literature Theories from Questions About "Tragedy"

In the last 60 years,the fundamental literature theories of China have developed greatly,but there is few major achievement in originality and breakthrough.In the earlier 30 years and the later 30 years,it covered the Marxist literature theory of Soviet’s version and the literature theory developed in last hundred years by Euro-American respectively.There are many reasons for this.A reason neglected easily is that,people neylector misunderstand the social characteristic of literature theory.This text analyzses the questions about "tragedy" and theories innovation,then induces the social characteristic of fundamental literature theories: The innovation of literature theory originating in the social claim,the method of literature theory,and the social applicability of literature theories.It shows that the literature theories are the connection view between literature and society,to loss the thinking way of extreme utility and narrow detachment from society,to response literature-social problem positively,and are the correct path of the innovation of literature theory.