沉默权与如实陈述义务的利弊权衡－兼论我国的立法选择

在刑事诉讼中,赋予犯罪嫌疑人、被告人沉默权还是责令其承担如实陈述的义务,是各国根据其不同时期的刑事司法状况而作出的立法选择.从当今世界各国宪法、刑事诉讼的有关规定以及联合国有关文件的规定来看,赋予犯罪嫌疑人、被告人沉默权已是国际社会的一种共识.但我国修正后的刑事诉讼法没有规定犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的沉默权,相反却规定其有如实陈述的义务.对于此,我国理论界有不同的看法.本文在权衡赋予犯罪嫌疑人、被告人沉默权的利弊和要求其如实陈述的利弊的基础上,拟对我国的立法选择加以分析.

The Advantages and Disadvantages of the Right to Keep Silent and of the Obligation of Honest Statement

It is a choice of legalization which different countries base on their penal and judicial state of their different periods whether a suspect in a lawsuit is entitled to the right to keep silent or obliged to state honestly.From the relevant regulations contained in the constitutions of the countries the world over and relevant documents of UN,it can be seen that it is an internationally shared belief to entitle the suspected or the accused to the right to keep silent.But such a regulation is not stipulated in China's amended criminal procedure law.On the contrary,it stipulates that the suspected have the obligation to make an honest statement.The circle of theory in China varies on this point.The author gives an analysis of China's possible choice of legalization on the basis of the comparison of the advantages and disadvantages when the suspected or the accused is entitled to the right to keep silent and when he/she is obliged to make an honest statement.