中国失业问题的贝弗里奇曲线分析

中国的失业问题不能简单地理解为劳动力的超额供给,表示失业和空缺岗位关系的贝弗里奇曲线更能解释现今普遍存在的结构性失业与摩擦性失业现象。贝弗里奇曲线既可以用来区别失业的类型,还可以反映劳动力市场运作效率的变化。本文通过贝弗里奇曲线位移的分析,着重从工作搜寻活动、产业结构调整及劳动力队伍中人口年龄结构变化三方面分析了中国劳动力市场供需双方的匹配效率是如何影响失业的。本文的研究结论对于中国如何提高供需双方的匹配效率从而抑制大量失业与大量空缺岗位并存的现象、降低自然失业率有一定的参考价值。

An Analysis of the Unemployment Problem in China with the Beveridge Curve

The unemployment problem can't be understood simply as the oversupply of labor force in China.The Beveridge curve which reflects the negative relationship between vacancies and unemployment can explain structural unemployment and frictional unemployment which are prevalent in the economy more convincingly.The Beveridge curve not only can distinguish the type of unemployment,but also can reflect the change of the efficiency in the labor market.This paper analyzes how the matching efficiency influences the unemployment by the analysis of the shift of the Beveridge curve mainly from three aspects: job searching activity,the reallocation of economic activity across industries and demographic change in the labor force.The conclusion in the paper have some reference value for how to improve the matching efficiency between labor supply and demand and keep down the coexistence of many unemployment and many vacancies.