人情社会与契约社会——基于社会交换理论的视角

人情社会与契约社会是社会交换的两种基本类型,人情社会的交换属于延时回报的交换、模糊回报的交换、熟人社会的交换、依靠道德约束的交换、特殊主义的交换;契约社会的交换则具有陌生人社会的交换、协商一致的交换、精确的交换、依靠法规约束的交换、普遍主义的交换等特点。两者既有联系又有多方面的区别。根据人情社会形成的原因,可以将其分作情感需求型、风险防范型、不当求利型三种类型。只有消除不当求利型人情社会,使人情社会仅在情感领域、契约社会在利益领域发挥其功能,我国才能从以人情社会为主导的社会转变为以契约社会为主导的社会。

Favor Society and Contract Society:On the Perspective of Theory of Social Exchange

As two typical types of social exchange,favor and contract are different in character and history,but some relevance should not be neglected especially in Chinese society.So this paper tries to analyze reasons of the difficulty on the transition from favor dominance to contract dominance in modern China.It classifies favor into three types:for feeling-satisfied,for risk-defense and for undue-interests.It is the spreading of favor for undue-interests that prevents modernity of China.So when the favor for und...