门槛与制约:清代医生的从业规制——以小说《壶中天》与《医界现形记》为中心的探讨

传统医家作为一个群体,在近年来医疗史研究中,吸引了不少学者的目光。对于传统医家的训练,学者也做了大量的研究。然而并未对医家成名及其依靠的力量,给予充分的注意。本文试图通过《壶中天》与《医界现形记》中医家故事来看清代医家的入行门槛。本文讨论发现,清代官制中没有对业医者入行的规定。清代刑律中对庸医杀伤人的惩戒,对业医者业医行为具有一定的震慑作用,但是作用有限,律制形同虚设。而依赖于冥报观对医家行为的制约作用亦非常有限。病家的择医术对医家的技艺有着非常高的要求,逻辑上起到推动医家加强自身技艺的作用,但是医家择病而医的策略消解了其制约力,因而,此种推动作用发挥亦有限。

Qualifications and Constrains:Becoming a Physician in Qing Dynasty:Focus On the Hu Zhong Tian and Yi Jie Xian Xing Ji

As a group,the traditional physicians,as well as the training of how to be physicians,have attracted lots of attentions in the medical history research.However there are few papers about how the famous physicians come to be.This essay,according to the Hu ZhongTian(a novel,it means a pot contains a world)and Yi Jie Xian Xing Ji(A novel,it means Evils of Physicians),mainly focus on the requirements and training of being a physician, the ways they practised and the ways they use to become famous in Qing Dynast...