传统与变迁:近代冀中定县集市的数量、结构与交易

冀中定县的集市交易,为中国近代农村市场的变化轨迹提供了重要例证。由于农产品商品化的提高、人口的大量增长以及现代运输条件的改善,定县集市数量有了长足发展,集市密度大大提高。尽管如此,定县市场尚未走入贸易现代化阶段,现代因素与传统经济仍处于融合之中。绝大多数的村级集市为最低一级的基层市场,店铺和牙行仍是重要的交易载体,现代服务性商业几乎还没有出现。在集市交易中,以传统的定期市最为常见,交易内容主要是地方的余缺调剂,不过也有部分产品的输出输入,反映了不同地区的经济联系日益紧密,原来地方自给自足统治的局面发生动摇。农作物和手工业品的交易价格一直呈上升趋势。虽也有急剧下降之时,但并不多见。季节差价、地区差价是农产交易久已存在的经济现象,不利于贫困农民的买卖,但考虑到运销成本,差别并非如此悬殊。农民参与市场基本上是自由的,农产品价格也主要是根据供求关系而定,但也不能说没有垄断行为。总而言之,这一地区的市场交易形态仍处于传统与现代交织的低级量变阶段。

Tradition and Change:the Quantity,Structure and Trade of Ding County's Fairs(Jizhong Region) in Modern Times

Market transactions in Ding County(Jizhong Region) provide an important example of the rural market change trail in modern China.With the enhancement of commercialization of agricultural products,population growth and the improvement of modern transportation conditions,the number of Ding County's Fairs had increased greatly.What's more,the market density had been increased substantially.However,Ding County' s fairs hadn't moved up to the modern stage yet.Modern factors and traditional economies were still i...