女性权益、社会地位与生育选择:相关文献评述

近年来随着发达国家及部分发展中国家生育水平的持续下降,女性社会地位对生育行为的影响得到越来越多的关注。本文旨在从五个方面(子女数量、生育意愿、性别偏好、生育间隔和堕胎)对近几十年来国外人口学领域有关女性权益和社会地位对生育选择影响的研究进行系统的梳理和评述,以廓清女性社会地位的概念、测度方法和现有实证研究的主要发现,从而为该领域下一步的研究尤其是探讨中国背景下女性社会地位对生育行为的影响提供文献上的借鉴。通过文献服务检索系统、数据库和科学网站进行文献检索,列出文献清单,对研究设计、研究数据、女性社会地位测量、自变量、因变量以及结果进行审查编辑,排除写作质量不高、研究不规范的论文,通过逐层筛选最终确定了68篇文章。基本结论是:生育选择是个人偏好和社会结构性影响共同作用的结果,女性的社会地位会同时影响女性生育意愿、生育性别偏好以及最终的生育决策。女性社会地位越高,子女数量越少,在生育决策方面越具有话语权,生育意愿越低。社会地位较高的女性一般会拥有更好的避孕意识,农村地区的女性生育意愿要显著高于城市地区的女性;女性社会地位越低,生育间隔就越长,越偏向于生育男孩,越容易发生堕胎。

Women's Social Status and Fertility:A Literature Review

In recent years,with the level of fertility of developed countries and some developing countries continuing to decline,the impact of women's social status on reproductive behavior obtain more and more attention.This study systematically combs and evaluates the articles what examine the relationship between women's social status and reproductive behavior in the past five aspects,including the number of children,fertility willingness,gender preference,birth spacing and abortion.A literature search is conducted through a literature service retrieval system,a database,and a scientific website to list a list of documents.Then,the research design,research data,female social status measurement,independent variables,dependent variables,and results were reviewed and edited.Finally,the papers with low writing quality and non-standard research were excluded,and 68 articles were finally determined.The results show that birth choice is the result of the personal preference in concert with social structural influence.Women's social status is an important factor affecting women's choice.The higher the women's social status is,the less the number of children is,the lower the fertility preference and the preference for boys is,and the longer the birth interval is.