公共教育资源、家庭教育投资对教育贫困的缓解效应研究

文章通过构建教育贫困FGTe指数,使用1995-2016年的相关数据对我国教育贫困进行量化研究,就低生育率背景下公共教育资源投入与家庭教育投资对教育贫困的缓解效应进行分析。结果表明:第一,我国的教育贫困发生率呈逐年下降趋势,但其变动的敏感性在不断增强;教育贫困发生率在地区上表现出较大的差异,西南、西北各省远远高于全国其他地区。第二,公共教育资源的投入中,教育财政支出对教育贫困的缓解效应最为明显,但其长期的综合效应在下降,呈现出明显的省际和地区差异。尤其在西南和西北各省(市、自治区)中的一些地区并未表现出积极的效果。这说明在这些地区教育财政支出无论是绝对量还是增长率都存在严重不足和滞后性,这是导致该区域教育贫困发生率长期偏高的重要原因。公共教育资源减贫效果的省际和地区差异也从侧面反映出我国公共教育资源分配的不均衡。第三,从家庭教育资源对教育贫困缓解效应的时间趋势看,低生育率背景下,伴随着生育率转变,家庭教育投资的变化对教育贫困的缓解效应日益突出,而公共教育资源投入对教育贫困缓解的长期实际效果在减弱。因此,应对教育贫困不仅要关注公共教育资源投入的地区差异性和投入的方向,同时也不能忽视家庭教育投资的重要性。

Study on the Alleviating Effect of Public Education Resources and Family Education Investment on Education Poverty

Through the construction of education poverty FGTe index,this paper used relevant data from 1995 to 2016 to conduct a quantitative study on education poverty in China,and analyses the poverty reduction effect of public education resources and family education investment under the background of low fertility. The results show that:First,the education poverty incidence rate in China is decreasing year by year, but its sensitivity to change is increasing;Education poverty incidence rate shows great difference in regions,and provinces in southwest and northwest China are far higher than other regions in the country. Second,among the inputs of public education resources,the financial expenditure of education has the most obvious alleviating effect on education poverty,but its long-term comprehensive effect is decreasing and there are obvious inter-provincial and regional differences. Especially in some areas in the southwest and northwest,no positive effects have been shown. This shows that no matter the absolute amount or the growth rate of education fiscal expenditure,there is a serious shortage and lag in these regions,which is an important reason for the high incidence of education poverty in this region for a long time. The inter-provincial and regional differences in the poverty reduction effect of public education resources also reflect the unbalanced allocation of public education resources in China. Third,under the background of low fertility rate,from the perspective of the time trend of family education resources’alleviating effect on education poverty,with the transformation of fertility rate,the change of family education investment is increasingly prominent in alleviating education poverty,while the long-term practical effect of public education resource investment on alleviating education poverty is weakening. Therefore,to cope with education poverty,we should not only pay attention to the regional differences and investment direction of public education resource investment,but also not ignore the importance of family education investment.