近代华北铁路沿线乡村地区人口的社会流动(1905—1937)

铁路所具有的近代企业和交通工具这一双重属性既为乡村地区带来了大规模的近代企业,又为农矿产品的大规模流动创造了条件,由此促进了沿线乡村地区工商业的发展,提供了众多的就业机会,推动了铁路沿线乡村地区人口的地理空间流动和职业变动。同时,乡村人口的社会流动也影响着乡村地区的产业结构变迁和社会结构变动。产业结构变迁、社会结构变动和人口社会流动的相互作用,进而又推动了铁路沿线地区工商业市镇的兴起和发展。在此过程中,部分乡村地区居民逐渐向近代产业工人或工商业者转变,由村庄居民转变为市镇居民以至城市居民,一步一步地实现着自身的现代化。铁路由此成为影响沿线地区乡村社会变迁的重要力量之一。

The Population Shift from Villages along the North Railways in the Modern Society

As a modern enterprise and transport,railway has not only brought large-scale enterprises to the rural areas,but also created the conditions for large-scale flow of commodities,which promoted the development of industry and commerce,provided many opportunities for employment and accelerated geo-spatial mobility and career change of population in rural areas along the railways.At the same time,the social mobility of population also affected the changes of industrial structure and social structure of the rural areas.