论古埃及诺姆长与王权的关系及其作用

在法老时代的埃及,国王通过由中央政府和地方政府组成的官僚系统对整个国家实行统治.以诺姆长为最高管理者的地方政府,既是王权维持专制统治的重要支柱,又是统一王国的潜在威胁.通过对诺姆长职权的变化进行考察,我们可以看出,从古王国时代至新王国时代,诺姆长在古埃及的官僚体系中占有重要地位,在国家政治生活中发挥着巨大影响力.但是就地方与中央的关系而言,诺姆长在与中央王权此消彼长的博弈中,力量逐渐削弱,并成为法老维护专制主义中央集权统治的工具.随着王权对国家和官僚系统控制力的不断增强,诺姆长最终成为了专制王权驯服的工具.

On the Relation between Nomarch and Pharaoh in Ancient Egypt

In ancient Egypt,based on administrative system,Pharaoh maintained the reign to the whole country.At the head of each nome,there stood a nomarch.The central government had to rely on nomarch to keep the order while they were also the potential threat to central government.By the study of nomarch powers of economics,military,administration and justice during peace and chaos,the paper reveals that from the Old Kingdom to New Kingdom,the changes of nomarch authority and their independence weakness exemplify the royal dictatorship tendency.