论东南亚华人的可商议身份及其国际联系

华人在性质上不同于中国人,因为构成其身份的各个成分,可以和他们各自所在国的非华人社会进行商议,从而使这种身份具有独特性和地方性,而不是跨国性.这种关于华人身份的观点,对如何看待东南亚的华人移民社群具有重大的影响.一般说来,移民社群具有一种由移民、所在国、祖国三个部分组成的三角结构.由于东南亚地区的华人身份具有可商议的特性,移民观念中的祖国部分就变得多余了.而"落地生根的四海为家者"的概念既考虑到其地方性,同时也考虑到其跨国性,因此更具解释功能.

On Negotiated Identities and International Linkages in Southeast Asia

This paper argues that an ethnic Chinese is qualitatively different from a Chinese citizen in that the elements that together constitute his identity are negotiated with his non-Chinese counterparts in his respective host community thus making it unique and localized,not transnational.This perception of ethnic Chinese identity has an important impact on how to think the Chinese diaspora in Southeast Asia.Generally a diaspora has a triangular structure consisting of a migrant,host and home component.Because of the negotiated nature of an ethnic Chinese identity in the region,the home aspect of diasporic thinking becomes redundant.This goes for both ethnic Chinese in general and for Chinese entrepreneurs,which this paper is trying to understand in terms of identity formation and local integration.Because of the theoretical inconsistency concerning diaspora this paper introduces the concept of 'grounded cosmopolitanism',as it allows for both a local and a transnational identity at the same time.Here the 'home' part of a sense of belonging is replaced with a relative perception of home that is determined by negotiations between in this case the ethnic Chinese and his host,be it on national or local level.The Southeast Asian ethnic Chinese is thus no longer a sojourner to the region but a defining signifier in local nation building processes.