现代作家日记研究──以胡适、鲁迅、郁达夫为例

在现代作家之中,胡适的日记写得最多最勤也最连贯(中间只有少量的缺失),总计约在350万字左右.胡适日记的特点是:(1)丰富性,个人经历包括思想演变、社会现象包括重大事件、人际关系等等,无不尽记其中;(2)准确性,即可作为一部信史;(3)以思想札记与叙事为主,某些篇章又有一定的抒情意味.鲁迅的日记以记事为主,而且大都很简略.虽无个人情感的抒发与内心世界的展示,但它对研究鲁迅的行止提供了重要的线索和依据.由于记述简略,所以又必须将日记中的点点滴滴与鲁迅的其他文章,以及他人的记载结合起来,对某件事情方能有一个比较完整的认识.郁达夫日记是真正意义上的“日记文学”,也是作者的“生活记录”.郁达夫本着固有的真率态度,“全部揭开在大家的眼前”,为人们研究郁达夫提供了最可宝贵的未曾涂改的第一手资料.他又是用散文笔法来写日记的,许多日记摘录出来就是一篇篇绝佳的散文作品,既有议论更有情节有细节有心理活动,情景交融,形象生动,人物的音容笑貌跃然纸上

Research on Diaries of Modern Chinese Writers: Examples of Hu Shi,Lu Xun and Yu Dafu

Among modern Chinese writers,Dr.Hu Shi(1891-1962) ranks no doubt the most prolific writer who had approximately completed a total amount of three millions and a half Chinese diary words in a successive way with merely few absences.His diaries feature in three aspects:(1) Richness in his personal experience including transformation of mind,social phenomena,significant events and human relationships,etc.;(2) Accuracy in his retrospect over the past years that could be regarded even as a historical book;(3) Lyricism in his story-teller’s manner and philosophical essays.Diaries of Lu Xun(1881-1936) mainly focused on details of daily life and demonstrated a simple genre of language.Although Lu Xun’s diaries hardly present us with any narration of his mind and personal emotion,we still could trace some critical clues and evidence for his literary life of that time.Due to many odd and simple narrations in Lu Xun’s diaries,one must associate these diary elements with his or other people’s essays in order to know more about a certain historical event.Diaries written by Yu Dafu(1896-1945) could be viewed as some meaningful texts of both "dairy literature" and "life record".As a very honest writer,Yu Dafu intended to "unveil all the curtains of his privacy",and thus he so far provided us with a great many first-hand reference materials for studying him.His diaries were also written in a story-teller’s manner,but rich in literary flavor,such as plots,scenes,and protagonists.They could be regarded no more than diaries but masterpieces of literary prose in modern Chinese literature.