西方“超老化观感”研究述评

“：超老化观感”在本质上反映了一个元观念的转变①，即从一个物质的和理性的世界观转向一个更超越自然的世界观，并且通常伴随着生活满意度的增加；这一转变经历了在自然、自我、社会与个人的关系这三个方面的变化；其关键特征有追求沉思与积极独处、高度自我控制的活动与高生活满意度和获得成熟与智慧；其发展受年龄、性别、种族、生活环境或文化背景等多重因素的影响“。超老化观感”理论在护理、心理咨询、教育等多个领域有独特的实践应用价值，因而，加强该理论的本土化研究将对我国老年学学科建设及老龄事业的发展有重大的指导意义。

A Review of the Research on Gerotranscendence in West

Gerotranscendence is a developmental theory of Positive Aging and a shift in metaperspective from a materialistic and rational view of the world to a more cosmic and transcendent one,normally accompanied by an increase in life satisfac?tion;and the signs of gerotranscendence can be described as ontological changes on three levels:the cosmic level,the lev?el of Self and the level of social and personal relations;and its three core features:contemplative&solitude ,higher de?grees of self-controlled social activity & life satisfaction ,and maturation & wisdom ;and the developmental process to?wards gerotranscendence can be obstructed or accelerated by age,gender,race,the caring climate,life crises and grief,or elements in the culture,The research on gerotranscendence should also be of value for practical use in scale measuring, nursing,counseling and educating,and also for theoretical guide in the development of gerontology and old age service at home and abroad.