科名前定:宋代科举制度下的社会心态——兼论对宋人志怪小说创作的影响

在宋代竞争得近乎残酷的科举考试中,士子乃至整个社会的心态,是个值得关注的问题。科举束缚天下英俊,使之归于一途,使举国沉溺于时文,使士子除科名外,对其他则"集体冷漠";科举制度的严密和完善,使任何哪一个人都无法直接决定士子的命运,于是,"科名前定论"产生了,科名主于"神",甚至连考题都主于"神";在此前提下,士子心态发生了重大变化,他们乞神、求巫、乞"先师";这种科名前定的思想也深深影响着宋人志怪小说的创作。

Official Rank Pre-destined:Social Mentality under Social Service Examination System in Song Dynasty-Also on the Influence upon Song Writers' Queer-story Fictions

Under the bitter and even cruel competition of imperial examination in Song Dynasty,the mentality of scholars and the whole society is worth under consideration.The Social Service Examination System fettered the talents in the society by compelling them to crowd on the same way,making the whole society consumed with contemporary writings and "collectively unconcerned" about nothing except official rank.The tightness and perfection made it impossible for any individual to determine any scholar's fate,thus occurred the "official rank predestined theory" in which official rank was determined by "God".Consequently,scholars' mentality changed noticeably,and they pleaded God,wizards and sages.The thought of official rank pre-destined imposed deep influence on the composition of Song Writers' Queer-story Fictions.