自由在西方传统哲学发展中的逻辑进程

古希腊的自由观开启并规定了西方传统哲学中自由的两个路向:一个是苏格拉底、柏拉图的唯智主义的自由路向,一个是希腊晚期反知识论的自由路向。古希腊自由观的问题是本体的自由没能建立。中世纪基督教的自由走的是第二个路向,它试图把自由植根于信仰之上,但却出现了自主性自由与接受性自由的悖论。近代康德前的哲学家走的仍然是知识论的路向,它否定了把自由建基于信仰之上的可能性,但这种自由仍然不具有普遍性,因为普通人很难拥有自由。康德解决这个问题的方式是变知识论的路向为反知识论的路向,把自由引入道德领域,但由于其哲学的二分性,其自由仍具有消极性。黑格尔克服了康德的二元哲学,建立了积极的自由。

Logical Progress of Freedom in the Development of Western Traditional Philosophical Development

The freedom concept in Ancient Greece had opened and regulated two paths to freedom of western traditional philosophy: the one intellectualism represented by Socrates and Plato,the other anti-knowledge theory in late Greek philosophy.The outlook attempted to root in freedom above faith,but revealed the antinomy between autonomic freedom and acceptance freedom.In modern times,philosophers Kant’s preceding scholars still followed the way along knowledge theory,they denied the possibility of faith-based freedom and did not accept such freedom was universal and possessed by the common.However,Kant shifted the knowledge path to anti-knowledge way,led freedom into moral field,but the freedom was negative somehow for his dichotomy philosophy.Hegel overcame Kant’s dichotomy and built a positive freedom.