中国海洋意识发展反思

海洋意识包含"重商、冒险和进取、开放和多元"三要素。以闽南人为代表的中国海洋意识和海洋发展,在历史上曾有过短暂的辉煌时期。但在大陆文化主导的明清政权压制下,中国的海洋意识和海洋发展中途夭折,未能促使商业资本主义的产生和发展。同时期西方的海洋意识则引领重商主义和资本主义的产生和发展,发展成为现代化的国家。因此,海洋意识不仅是关注海洋的物质利益,也蕴含"平等、多元、宽容"的内涵以及由此孕育的"民主、自由、人权"的理念。

Rethinking of Maritime Awareness and History of Chinese Maritime Expansion

Maritime awareness includes three elements,i.e.mercantilist sense,spirit of adventure,and open and pluralistic consciousness.The south Fujianese who represented the maritime awareness of Chinese,had a brilliant short period in Chinese maritime expansion.However,repressed by the Ming and the Qing Courts the Chinese maritime awareness and expansion were aborted and could not lead to emergence and development of commercial capitalism.In the same time the western maritime awareness promoted the development of mercantilism and capitalism.Therefore,the maritime awareness not only means to pay attention to marine development and maintenance of maritime rights,but also contains equality,pluralism and tolerance,which further results in the generation of the ideas of democracy,freedom and human rights.