复合生态系统视域下国外农业文化遗产保护利用及其启示

农业文化遗产以一种复合活性生态而存在，不仅呈现出明显的生态系统性特征，在遗产地发挥着重要的生态系统服务功能，而且融合了与之关联的自然、经济和社会系统的诸多要素，是人类与其所处环境长期协同发展而形成的独特的“生态与人文复合系统”。从该系统的视角梳理国外农业文化遗产相关实践动态后发现，国外农业文化遗产在分类、保护，以及开发利用实践中由于遵循了该系统的关联性、整体性与协调和谐性等原则，从而逐渐形成了有利于农业文化遗产保护传承、可持续利用和发展的良好模式。这对当前我国重系统的生产功能、轻生态功能和重局部修复、轻整体保护的中国生态农业应该如何保护与发展，在理论、管理、政策、实践上都具有一定的启示意义。探索建立农业文化遗产地的自我修复和生态持续发展机制，不仅是实现农业文化遗产的整体保护和农业文化遗产地的文化、社会、生态和经济的可持续发展的强烈要求，也是应对生态与环境问题的有益尝试。

Protection and Utilization of Agricultural Cultural Heritage in Foreign Countries from the Perspective of Complex Ecosystem and Its Enlightenment

Agricultural cultural heritage exists as a compound active ecology,which not only presents obvious ecological systematic characteristics,but also plays an important ecosystem service function in the heritage sites.Moreover,it integrates many elements of the associated natural,economic and social system,and is a unique "ecological and humanistic compound system" formed by the long-term coordinated development of human beings and their environment.After combing the relevant practice trends of foreign agricultural cultural heritage from the perspective of this system,it is found that foreign agricultural cultural heritage follows the principles of relevance,integrity,coordination and harmony in the classification,protection,development and utilization of foreign agricultural cultural heritage,thus gradually forming a good model conducive to the protection,inheritance,sustainable utilization and development of agricultural cultural heritage.This has a certain positive enlightening significance in theory,management,policy and practice on how to protect and develop China's ecological agriculture,which emphasizes the production function of the system,neglecting the ecological function.Exploring and establishing the mechanism of self-restoration and ecological sustainable development of agricultural cultural heritage sites is not only a strong requirement to realize the overall protection of agricultural cultural heritage and the sustainable development of culture,society,ecology and economy of agricultural cultural heritage sites,it is also a beneficial attempt to deal with ecological and environmental problems.