孔子的山水比德思想及其对中国山水艺术的影响

孔子的"知者乐水,仁者乐山"之论,既包含了对自然美的赞赏,又包含了对仁、智的精神赞美,是一种典型的山水比德观念。目前学术界习惯于将老子的道法自然和庄子的逍遥虚静思想作为山水艺术的思想根源,实际上除此之外,孔子的山水比德思想也是中国山水艺术产生和发展的重要思想根源之一。本文探讨孔子的山水比德思想的基本内容及其对中国山水艺术及理论的影响。孔子的山水比德及仁知之乐思想和老庄的道法自然及天地大美思想共同组成了我国山水艺术的思想基础。

Confucius' thought of landscape as a symbol of personal virtue and its influence on Chinese landscape art

Confucius’ thought that "the intelligent person likes water and the benevolent person likes mountain" reflects his praise on both the beauties of nature and the quality of benevolence and intelligence.In Confucius’ opinion,mountains and waters are closely related to the quality and emotion of human beings.This thought should be regarded as an important ideological source for the birth and development of Chinese landscape art.On the basis of a detailed analysis,this paper points out that Confucius’ symbolization,together with Laozi’s natural law and Zhuangzi’s easy-going spirit,provides the ideological basis for Chinese landscape art.