多维城乡差距的再测度、时空差异及影响因素

构建四个维度共22个指标的多维城乡差距评价体系，测度2005—2020年城乡相对差距和绝对差距，采用Dagum基尼系数分析城乡差距的时空差异及主要来源，运用地理探测器模型分析差距形成的主要影响因素及作用特征，并识别影响因素作用方向。结果表明，我国城乡相对差距逐年缩小，绝对差距持续扩大，农村综合发展水平落后于城镇15年；整体上看，相对差距和绝对差距时空差异的主要来源分别为区域间差异和超变密度；分维度看，产业经济差距是城乡差距区域内差异和超变密度的首要来源，基础设施和公共服务差距分别为相对差距和绝对差距区域间差异的首要来源；财政支持、金融支持和科技创新是相对差距和绝对差距的主要共同影响因素；无论全国还是分地区看，各影响因素两两交互对城乡差距的作用均强于单因素；除城镇化和经济发展水平外，其余五个因素与相对差距呈负相关，各影响因素与绝对差距间均呈正相关。

Multidimensional Urban-Rural Gap: Re-measurement, Spatiotemporal Difference and Influencing Factors

This paper constructs a multidimensional urban-rural gap evaluation system with 22 indicators from 4 dimensions, measures the relative and absolute urban-rural gap between 2005 and 2020, analyzes the spatiotemporal difference and main sources of urban-rural gap by using Dagum Gini coefficient, analyzes the main influencing factors and characteristics of gap formation with geographic detector model, and identifies the direction of influencing factors. The results show that, the relative gap narrows year by year, while the absolute gap widens continuously, the comprehensive development level of rural areas lags behind urban areas 15 years; the main sources of relative and absolute gap are inter regional difference and superimposed over density; from the perspective of different dimensions, industrial economic gap is the primary source of intra-regional difference and superimposed over density of urban-rural gap, while infrastructure gap and public service gap are the primary sources of inter-regional difference of relative and absolute gap; fiscal support, financial support and technological innovation are the main common influencing factors for relative and absolute gap; the interaction of each factor has a stronger effect on the urban-rural gap than the single factor from both national and regional perspective; except urbanization and economic development level, the other five factors are negatively correlated with the relative gap, and all influencing factors are positively correlated with absolute gap.