转化而不是解决:和平学范畴内的冲突化解

和平学范畴内的冲突化解研究,关注的是问题转化而不是问题解决,不是消极地结束眼前或表面的冲突,而是积极探询并改变那些产生冲突的制度或结构。人类冲突不是来自于人的自然属性,社会习得才是人类倾向暴力的重要原因。结构暴力的概念奠定了冲突化解研究的基础,在冲突不可避免时,暴力却可能避免,应该寻求减少或消除的是各种形式的暴力,冲突化解的过程就是消除直接暴力和结构暴力的过程。如果能够掌握冲突化解的原则、方式和技巧,一些冲突就能够真正得到化解和转化,从而有利于一个和谐社会的创建。冲突化解提供的是用非暴力方式处理冲突的可供选择的理论范式和实践路径。

Transformation instead of Resolution:Conflict Resolution in the Sphere of Peace Studies

Conflict Resolution is a new academic interest in Peace Studies,which focuses more on problem transforming than problem resolving.It explores to change the institution and structure behind the conflicts rather than merely terminate the conflicts in a passive way.Conflicts do not find their origins in human nature but in human tendency to violence acquired through social learning.The concept of structural violence provides a base for conflict resolution: the avoidance of possible violence in the inevitable confrontation.What should be eliminated is violence of all forms,as is indeed the target of the process of conflict resolution.If the principals,ways and skills of conflict resolution can be well maintained,the violent conflicts can be avoided and transformed to some degree,so to be contributive to the construction of a harmonious society.Conflict resolution is an alternative paradigm and a practical way to nonviolence.