两种现代生命观批判和人的生命观重建

“认识人自己”是人类文明的一个永恒主题,在现实中存在着形形色色的关于人的各种科学的、宗教的、哲学的生命观,其中哲学中以个体主义生命观和群体主义生命观影响力强大,最具有代表性。但是哲学的这两种生命观都经不起科学认识的反思,是哲学形而上思维一元化、极端化的结果。个体生命观犯了消解群体生命的历史性的错误,把人的生命抽象得仅仅剩下本能;群体生命观犯了消解个体生命的现实性的错误,把人的生命当做了自然之物去理解。新生命观的建立,既要看到个体生命体存在的地位和价值,又要看到群体生命体存在的地位和价值,同时还要看到家庭生命体存在的地位和价值,在对个体、家庭、群体三者基于个体的内在同一性理解的基础上,把人类生命文明看做是个体、家庭、群体的三元互动,人类生命文明的同一性、主体性、无限性才一目了然。全面的生命观对我们真实完整地理解和现实全面地建设人类生命文明,具有重大的理论意义。

Criticism of Two Kinds of Modern Outlook on Human Life and Reconstruction of the Outlook on Human Life

Knowing yourself" is a permanent subject in human civilization. There are various kinds of outlooks on life from scientific, religious and philosophic point of views, among which the philosophic views from individualist and entirist angles are the most influential and most representative, but are unable to sustain the review by scientific cognition, as they are the result of metaphysical monism and of extreme. In the individualist outlook of life, the historic mistake of neglecting the life of entirety is made, it abstracts human life into his bear instinct. On the contrary, in the entirist outlook of life, the reality of individuals is neglected, it considers life as a mere natural existence. The establishment of the new outlook of life should include the value of and position of individual life and that of the entirety. It should also include the value and position of the existence of family life. On the basis of the understanding of individual, family and entire life as an identity based on individual life in inhesion, and taking the civilization of human life as interaction between the individual, the family and the entirety, the civilization of human life in its identity, principality and infinity can be viewed in whole. The overall outlook of life is of great theoretical significance for our true and integrated understanding of and overall constructing the civilization of human life.