霸权心态与人权异化——兼评美国的人权外交

美国的霸权心态源于清教文化中的使命观与"救世主心态",并由此演绎出诸如"负有传播先进文明、教化落后民族义务"的思维模式.基于美国特质文化的霸权心态在特定的历史条件下同意识形态斗争和冷战思维交织在一起,形成一套完整的人权外交理论.美国人权外交绝非出于利他性目的的,而是同其认知界定的国家利益(主权利益与强权利益)联系在一起,而且在大多数情况下,人权目标服务于国家利益.在霸权心态驱使下的人权外交实践实际上成了人权异化于其本质内涵的载体.美国人权外交的非策略性决定了人权异化的持续性.冷战后的国际现实进一步刺激了美国的霸权欲望,在可预见的将来,割裂人权概念的完整性与历史性、人权高于主权和人权双重标准等人权异化现象仍会长期存在.

On the Relationship between the Mental Status of Hegemony and the Alienation of Human Rights

American mental status of hegemony can be traced back to the destiny in puritanical doctrine. Some thinking hypotheses, thereby, are deduced such as the historical mission to spread the advanced civilization all over the world and the duty to educate the backward nations. In fact, the mental status of hegemony based on the American cultural characteristics is connected to the ideological conflicts and the thinking of cold war under the spe cial historical background, so far a set of complete human rights diplomacy is formed serving its state interests. The US human rights diplomacy absolutely doesn't aim at altruism, but at serving its own interests defined by itself in cluding sovereignty interests and hegemony interests. In practice, the human rights diplomacy dominated by the mental status of hegemony becomes the carrier by which human rights diplomacy alienates from their essence. The unexpedient nature of human rights diplomacy determines the durability of human rights alienation. The international environment of post cold war stimulates American appetite to be the leader of the world. Therefore, the phenomena of human rights alienation will last for a long period, such as separating human rights connotation, neglecting the historical succession of human rights, upholding the stance that human rights are higher than sovereignty and imple menting the dual standards of human rights in diplomatic practice.