“认知语境”与“翻译表诀”——关于“翻译标准与原则”的探讨

翻译标准与原则问题一直是翻译界争论的焦点.文章从认知语言学的角度,根据斯珀伯和威尔逊(Sperber&Wilson)的"关联理论",通过对翻译过程中影响译者对原文理解与译文表达的重要因素之一--"认知语境"进行分析,探讨翻译标准的原则问题.有关翻译标准与原则之争实质上是从不同角度看待翻译标准与原则问题,是在"认知"与"表达"上的不断争论与妥协.翻译受诸多因素的影响与制约.认知程度的不同决定翻译的水准高低,表达方式的选择取决于认知的差异.从"认知"角度来说,对于同一事物的认知,存在个体差异,翻译似乎无确定的标准,然而,归根到底,译者在"认知"基础上采用何种"表达方式"不能离开"准确"和"忠实"这个根本."准确"是对译作的效果而言,是相对的,"忠实"是对译志的态度而言,是绝对的.

"Cognitive Contexts" and "Expressions in Translation"--a study on "the criterion and principle of translation"

The criterion and principle of translation have long been the focus of all disputes in the field of translation.Based on "Relevance Theory"put forward by Sperber and Wilson this paper analyzes "Cognitive Contexts",one of the major factors which influence translators' understanding of the source text in the translation process,trying to find out the causes of such disputes from the angle of Cognitive Linguistics.As a matter of fact the essence of these arguments reveals different views of the criterion and principle of translation in different perspectives with unceasing controversy and compromise on "cognition" and "expression".The extent of cognition determines the level of translation while the choice of expressive modes reveals cognitive difference.From the viewpoint of "cognition",different individuals' cognition of the same thing may be distinct to some extent.It seems as if there are no definite criterion for translation.However,in the final analysis,it is essential for translators to stick to the criterion of "accuracy" and the principle of "faithfulness" in selecting a proper "expressive mode" based on cognition."Accuracy",as the effect to be desired for the translation work,is a relative standard;while "faithfulness",concerning the attitude of the translator,is the absolute principle.