关于城乡二元转化成本问题的思考——一个福利分析的视角

20世纪中叶以来,受二元经济结构理论的深刻影响,优先推进工业发展成为欠发达国家一种普遍的政策取向。但是,这种政策取向导致大多数发展中国家出现了农业劳动力的过度转移与农业部门的生产停滞,甚至农村衰落的现象。严重的工农差距与城乡两极分化,使得人们不得不将工业化、城市化和现代化所形成的社会财富,通过直接和间接的支付形式反哺农村,以消除城乡差异所带来的各种矛盾和问题,由此产生了巨大的二元转化成本,最终会导致社会整体福利的损失。因此,一个社会的工业化进程和经济发展不能简单地以GDP总量和增长幅度予以衡量,还要考虑因为"反哺农业"而导致的财富支出和社会福利总量的损失。

On the Dualistic Transition Costs in Urban and Rural Areas from the Perspective of Welfare Analysis

Since the middle of the 20th century,many developing countries adopted the industrial development policy as the best policy choices because of the dualistic economic theory from Lewis.This policy,however,has led to some problems in those countries,such as the over-transfer of agricultural labor,the stagnation of the agricultural sector,and even the depression of rural areas.The extreme income disparity between the industrial labor and the agricultural labor and the severe polarization between urban and rura...