中国历史上政府干预市场问题的考察

中国政府干预经济、管理市场自古有之 ,主要表现在政府对市场的管理及对贸易的参与方面。其中 ,政府对市场的管理主要包括 :建立城镇市集 ,划分销售地区 ;规定贸易时间 ,限制夜市交易 ;推行抑商政策 ,加强商人管理 ;严查商品质量 ,不许伪劣入市 ;调控市场物价 ,严格物价管理 ;利用税收政策 ,调节社会经济 ;统一衡器币制 ,方便货物交易 ;制发契券票帖 ,规范贸易行为 ;缉盗贼防火灾 ,保证财货安全 ;制订交通规则 ,维持市场秩序。政府对贸易的参与主要表现在官营贸易及官吏经商两个方面。通过历史上政府干预经济问题的考察分析可得出结论 ,政府要“适度”干预经济。

The Problems of State Intervention of Market Affairs in Ancient China

We have in ancient China the authorities intervened in market affairs, participating in trading and administering of market managing; (2) The state intervened in trade affairs in two ways: government operated and officials operated; (3) The state administering of market managing in many ways: establishing markets in cities and towns, arranging special regions for selling commodities; regulating shopping time and night market limited; instituting policy to restrain commercial activities and the control businessmen strengthened checking the quality of commodities, and the counterfeits banned; regulating market prices, to have them to be controlled; issuing bill, receipt, etc., and contract notarized to standardize business affairs; guarding against thief, preventing fire, facilitating communication, etc.; (4) A theoretical analysis of the state intervention of economic activities: universality, diversity, necessity, and abuses; (5) The measures the government to intervene market affairs should be appropriate.