江苏稻田养鱼的发展历史及生物多样性分析

江苏稻田养鱼发展历史可以追溯到春秋时期,是对传统稻作农耕的合理发展,其发展经历了唐代的挫折,至迟在明代,已经成为一种比较普遍的复合农业生产方式,放养鱼种逐渐多样化。民国时期,江苏出现了专门机构指导稻田养鱼的发展。新中国成立后,经过了4个阶段的发展,江苏稻田养鱼走向了成熟。稻田养鱼作为一种农业多种经营,是生物多样性在宏观系统层面上的有效利用,在江苏稻田养鱼系统中,水稻是主体,鱼类是绝对优势种群。结合江苏稻田养鱼的历史和生物多样性的思想,提出了江苏稻田养鱼今后进一步发展的对策:遏制水体污染,保护稻田养鱼的生物多样性;增加养殖对象,加强稻田养鱼的生物多样性;强化技术培训,提高农民稻田养鱼的技术水平;健全服务体系,规范稻田产鱼的市场管理行为;改善生产条件,完善稻田养鱼工程的硬件设施。

History of Raising Fish in Paddy Field in Jiangsu Province and Analysis on the Biodiversity

Paddy field pisciculture in Jiangsu Province,which can be traced back to the Spring and Autumn Period, is an advisable development of the traditional rice farming. Having experienced the frustration in the Tang Dynasty, it has become a universally-accepted mode of agricultural production featured by the diversity in fish species since the Ming Dynasty. In the republican period, specialized agencies were founded in Jiangsu Province to instruct the fish-raising of such kind which further matured after four stages of development since the foundation new China. Taking rice as the main body yet fish the absolute dominant species, this method has proved to be an efficient application of biodiversity on the layer of planting-system in agricultural diversification. Fully understanding the history and biodiversity of fish-raising in paddy field in Jiangsu Province, this paper proposes some countermeasures for its further development. Such as to curb water pollution,protect the biodiversity of fish-raising in paddy field; enlarge the breeding object, strengthen the biodiversity; strengthening the technical training, improve the technical level of the fish-raising in paddy field; improve the service system, standardizing the management of market behavior of paddy field fish; improve production conditions and rice field pisciculture engineering facilities.