巴特鲁斯、蒙田、笛卡尔和近代古典理性概念的形成

在欧洲思想史上,近代古典理性概念是如何形成的问题是理解近代哲学革命的关键。在中世纪晚期,占主导地位的是亚里士多德和阿奎那的审慎理性概念,经过巴特鲁斯主义和马基雅维里主义的发挥,最后被蒙田推向极端——怀疑理性。为了克服这种怀疑论,笛卡尔在伽利略新科学的基础上提出了以普遍数学为导向的数学理性概念,不仅为近代自然科学革命奠定了形而上学的基础,而且标志着近代古典理性概念正式成型。

Bartolus, Montaigne, Descartes and the Formation of Classical Reason in Early Modern Time

In the European intellectual history,the problem of how the classical reason is formed is the key to understand the revolution of early modern philosophy.It is known that,the Prudential Reason of Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas prevails in the late Middle Ages,which reaches the Sceptical Reason in Montaigne via Bartolism and Machiavellism.Descartes,in order to overcome the Scepticism,proposes the concept of Mathematical Reason based on the Mathesis Universalis,which not only offers the metaphysical basis to th...