论“丁戊奇荒”期间青州府的灾情与救济

光绪年间的“丁戊奇荒”对青州府造成严重影响。这场大旱灾持续时间长、破坏严重,引发一系列诸如粮贵物贱、卖妻鬻女、公序良俗遭到破坏,社会动荡不安、大量民众外逃和死亡,人口减少等社会问题。“丁戊奇荒”不仅是天灾,更是人祸,吏治废弛、仓储空虚、战乱频繁、饮酒之风、人口增长造成的环境破坏等都加重了此次旱灾的破坏性。青州府在此次旱灾中采取的多样性的救灾措施,呈现出近代特点:首先是救灾主体多元化,实现从政府主导向政府、社会多方参与转变;其次是救灾方式多样化,实现从单一救灾向多样救灾转变,救灾手段愈加灵活,救灾经费来源更加多元;最后是救灾机制规范化,逐步设立专门的救灾机构,制定完善的救灾制度。

On the Disaster and Relief of Qingzhou Prefecture during "Ding Wu Qi Huang"

The"Ding Wu Qi Huang"during the period of Guangxu had a serious impact on Qingzhou Prefecture.The severe drought lasted for a long time and caused serious damage,causing a series of social problems such as cheap food and precious goods;selling wives and wives;public order and good customs were destroyed,social unrest;a large number of people fled and died,and the population decreased.Ding Wu Qihuang is not only a natural disaster,but also a human disaster.The management of waste,empty storage,frequent wars,drinking wind,and environmental damage caused by population growth have increased the destructiveness of this drought.The diversified disaster relief measures adopted by the Qingzhou Prefecture in this drought show modern characteristics:firstly,the main body of the disaster relief is diversified,from government-led to multi-party participation of the government and society;secondly,the diversified relief methods are diversified,from a single relief The shift to diversified disaster relief,disaster relief methods become more flexible,and the sources of disaster relief funds are more diverse;Finally,the disaster relief mechanism is standardized,and special disaster relief agencies are gradually established to establish a complete disaster relief system.