论幕藩体制下的商人——商人是幕藩体制的“宠儿”和掘墓人

幕藩体制对商人的限制和为商人提供的条件、对商人的依赖，都是世界历史上绝无仅有的。都市商人寄生于幕藩体制，掏尽了统治者钱袋中的最后一枚铜板，使之债台高筑，成为世界上最贫穷的统治阶级，颠倒了社会阶级关系。农村商人以农民的商品经济为依托，加速了自然经济的瓦解和新生产关系的产生。政治统治者创造的经商条件和对商人的依赖，使商人动摇了幕藩体制的经济基础和社会阶级基础，成了幕藩体制的掘墓人。

Merchants of Japanese Mufan System: the Favorites and Grave Diggers

Urban merchants were the parasites of Mufan system in that they wrung every penny out of the rulers so that the rulers got deeply into debt and became the poorest ruling class in the world and therefore the social class relationship was reversed. Rural merchants relied on the commodity economy to speed up the disintegration of the natural economy and the birth of the new production relationship. The ruling class created favorable trade conditions for the merchants and depended on them, so that the merchants came to shake the economic base and the social class base of Mufan system and became the grave diggers of Mufan system.